Lenvatinib/E7080/乐伐替尼
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卫材(Eisai)公司的Lenvatinib是多重作用靶点,口服小分子酪氨酸激酶抑制剂,主要靶点:VEGFR-1、VEGFR-2、VEGFR-3、FGFR1、PDGFR、cKit、Ret。2012年获得孤儿药资格。
(1)肝细胞癌(HCC)
2011年,日本与韩国联合进行了Lenvatinib的I期、II期肝癌临床试验。其中,I期临床试验在日本进行,共纳入6例Child-Pugh A级(5~6分)患者(中等程度肝硬化)和6例Child-Pugh B级(7~8分)患者进行药物剂量耐受性试验。在确定了推荐剂量后,日本与韩国联合进行II期临床试验,共纳入Child-Pugh A级患者46例。结果,治疗后36例患者显示肿瘤缩小,疾病进展(PD)、疾病稳定(SD)、部分缓解(PR)、不可评价(NE)分别为7例、21例、15例和3例,平均进展时间为7.5个月(IRR评估法),总生存期为18.3个月。在II期临床试验阶段,治疗相关不良事件总发生率>25%,其中高血压35例(76.1%)、手足口综合征28例(60.9%)、厌食25例(54.3%,)、蛋白尿24例(52.2%)、血小板减少23例(50%)、疲劳22例(47.8%)、腹泻16(34.8%)、喑哑16例(34.8%)、粒细胞减少16例(34.8%)、恶心15例(32.6%)、便秘14例(30.4%)、外周组织水肿14例(30.4%)、脸部潮红12例(26.1%)。
目前正在进行III期临床试验,采用随机对照研究,共纳入患者940例,按1:1随机分为Lenvatinib组与索拉非尼组,Lenvatinib组基线体重>60 kg的患者用量为12 mg/qd、用药4周,体重<60 kg的患者用量为8 mg/qd、用药4周;索拉非尼组患者用量为400 mg/Bid、用药4周。纳入标准:①确诊为HCC,②未行肝切除术,③BCLC B期或C期,④Child-PughA,⑤ECOG评分为0或1级,⑥按mRECIST标准至少存在一个靶点损伤。按地区、MVI、ECOG评分、体重等条件分层,首要终点事件为总体生存率。
(2)分化型甲状腺癌(DTC)
卫材(Eisai)2014年8月18日宣布,已分别向美国食品和药物管理局(FDA)和欧洲药品管理局(EMA)提交了抗癌药lenvatinib的监管文件,寻求批准用于放射性碘难治性分化型甲状腺癌(RR-DTC)的治疗。
Lenvatinib在日本、美国、欧盟提交的申请文件,是基于III期SELECT研究的积极数据。该研究是一项多中心、随机、双盲、安慰剂对照III期研究,调查了口服Lenvatinib(24mg)治疗放射性碘131抵抗的分化型甲状腺癌(RR-DTC)的疗效,主要终点为无进展生存期(PFS),次要终点包括总缓解率(ORR),总生存期(OS)和安全性。数据表明,与安慰剂组相比,Lenvatinib治疗组无进展生存期(PFS)显著延长(18.3个月 vs 3.6个月,p<0.0001),达到了研究的主要终点。
在不良事件发生率方面,使用Lenvatinib治疗的5个最常见不良反应分别为:高血压(68%)、腹泻(59%)、食欲下降(50%)、体重减轻(46%)和恶心(41%)。其中≥3级的为高血压(42%)、蛋白尿(10%)、体重减轻(10%)、腹泻(8%)和食欲下降(5%)。78.5% 的患者因为不良反应减少了使用剂量,14.2% 的患者停止了Lenvatinib治疗。
(3)非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)
A Study Comparing the Combination of the Best Supportive Care Plus E7080 Versus Best Supportive Care Alone, in Patients With Advanced Lung Cancer or Lung Cancer That Has Spread, Who Have Been Previously Treated, Unsuccessfully, With at Least 2 Different Treatments,2期
Background: Lenvatinib (E7080; LEN) is an oral, tyrosine kinase inhibitor targeting VEGFR1-3, FGFR1-4, RET, KIT, and PDGFRβ with evidence of antitumor activity in a broad range of solid tumors. Currently there is an unmet medical need for treatments in third-line or greater NSCLC patients (pts). Methods: This study was a double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicenter, randomized Phase II study of LEN 24 mg PO once daily + BSC vs. placebo (PBO) + BSC (2:1 randomization). Pts with nonsquamous NSCLC who had failed ≥ 2 two systemic anticancer regimens were enrolled. Prior erlotinib or gefitinib was required for pts with known EGFR-activating mutations. The primary endpoint was overall survival (OS). Progression free survival (PFS), overall response rate (ORR), and disease control rate (DCR) were based on investigator assessment. Efficacy endpoints were estimated via Kaplan-Meier. Results: 135 pts enrolled in the study. Per protocol, the study was unblinded and analyzed after 90 deaths. 76% received ≥ 3 prior anti-cancer regimens and 85% received prior erlotinib or gefitinib (similar rates in each arm). A summary of efficacy and safety is presented by study arm (Table). In a post hoc analysis, a similar treatment effect was observed among subjects with wild-type EGFR. Conclusions: LEN in addition to BSC demonstrated a clinically meaningful improvement in both OS and PFS (~ 3 months) in heavily pretreated patients with NSCLC, including those who received prior EGFR inhibitors. LEN was generally well-tolerated, with an AE profile consistent with observed LEN monotherapy studies. These data warrant additional evaluation of LEN in this population. Clinical trial information: NCT01529112.
Study of the Safety and Activity of Lenvatinib (E7080) in Subjects With KIF5B-RET-Positive Adenocarcinoma of the Lung
(5)心脏毒性
该研究对健康志愿者进行Lenvatinib全面QT(TQT)研究,使用浓度效应模型,研究药物高血浆水平下的TQT作用。研究者们让52名健康受试者随机接受32mg Lenvatinib单一剂量、安慰剂或400mg莫西沙星治疗。记录连续心电图,评估经过安慰剂校正的QTcF基线变化(∆∆QTcF)。使用线性混合效应模型分析Lenvatinib血浆水平和QTcF的关系。乐伐替尼与按心率校正QT间期(QTc)无临床相关性。浓度效应模型证明,Lenvatinib高血浆浓度时,不会导致QTc延长。Cancer Chemotherapy and Pharmacology, June 2014, 73(6): 1109-1117
(6)临床形态
Lenvatinib mesilate,胃溶胶囊。
(7)药代动力学
Lenvatinib的半衰期平均为27.6小时,服药后2小时达到血药峰值。高脂肪食物几乎不影响血药浓度,但会延迟Lenvatinib的吸收(血药达峰时间从2小时延迟到4小时)。P-gp抑制剂会提高Lenvatinib的血药浓度。 |